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Epidemiology of Language Disorders
Language is one of the most complex of all human functions. Due to this complexity, there are many mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of language. It follows, therefore, that there may be many reasons why language may fail to develop at or near the expected age. We expect to find language delay in children with impairments involving hearing and speech such as hearing loss, malformation of the vocal apparatus (as in cleft palate), or paralysis of the speech musculature. Similarly, we expect to find language disabilities associated with higher- level cognitive dysfunctions such as general mental retardation or pervasive developmental disorders such as infantile autism. Language dysfunction also can result from acquired postnatal injuries to the areas of the brain that subserve language. Language dysfunction resulting from acquired brain lesions is referred to as acquired aphasia.
However, there are children with developmental language delay that cannot be attributed to any of these more common causes of language disorders. Such children are characterized by a failure to develop normal language functions in the absence of those factors that often provide the general setting in which failure of language is usually observed: deafness, mental deficiency, motor disability, or severe emotional disturbance. The failure can manifest itself either as a disability in expressive (productive) language only with near-normal receptive language (comprehension), or as a disability in both receptive and expressive language. The relationship between the language disabilities and the speech articulation (pronunciation) disorders is inconsistent in this population. That is, some language-impaired children also demonstrate impaired development of speech articulation, whereas others do not. Furthermore, speech articulation disorders may or may not be accompanied by language deficits.
AF Sitemap
- Education Topics
- Achievement Gap
- Alternative Education
- Assessment & Evaluation
- Educational Leadership
- Educational Philosophy
- Educational Research
- Educational Technology
- Educational Videos
- Education Economics
- Education Environment
- Education Issues
- Education Policy
- Education Psychology
- Education Reform
- Education Theory
- Education Worldwide
- Federal Education Legislation
- Homeless Education
- Homeschooling in the United States
- Migrant Education
- Neglected/Deliquent Students
- Pedagogy
- Sociology of Education
- Special Needs
- National Directories
- After School Programs
- Alternative Schools
- The Arts
- At-Risk Students
- Camps
- Camp Services
- Colleges & Universities
- Counties
- Driving Schools
- Educational Businesses
- Financial Aid
- Higher Education
- International Programs
- Jewish Community Centers
- K-12 Schools
- Language Studies
- Libraries
- Organizations
- Preschools
- Professional Development
- Prom Services
- School Assemblies
- School Districts
- School Field Trips
- School Health
- School Supplies
- School Travel
- School Vendors
- Schools Worldwide
- Special Education
- Special Needs
- Study Abroad
- Teaching Abroad
- Volunteer Programs
- Youth Sports
- For Schools
- Academic Standards
- Assembly Programs
- Blue Ribbon Schools Program
- Educational Accreditation
- Educational Television Channels
- Education in the United States
- History of Education in the United States
- Reading Education in the U.S.
- School Grades
- School Meal Programs
- School Types
- School Uniforms
- Special Education in the United States
- Systems of Formal Education
- U.S. Education Legislation
- For Teachers
- Academic Dishonesty
- Childcare State Licensing Requirements
- Classroom Management
- Education Subjects
- Educational Videos
- Interdisciplinary Teaching
- Job and Interview Tips
- Lesson Plans | Grades
- Professional Development
- State Curriculum Standards
- Substitute Teaching
- Teacher Salary
- Teacher Training Programs
- Teaching Methods
- Training and Certification
- For Students
- Academic Competitions
- Admissions Testing
- At-Risk Students
- Career Planning
- College Admissions
- Drivers License
- Educational Programs
- Educational Television
- Educational Videos
- High School Dropouts
- Higher Education
- School Health
- Senior Proms
- Sex Education
- Standardized Testing
- Student Financial Aid
- Student Television Stations
- Summer Learning Loss