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Developments of a Stutter
Phase I: Age 2-6
* Disfluencies tend to be single syllable, whole word, or phrase repetitions, interjections, pauses, and revisions.
* The child will not exhibit visible tension, frustration or anxiety when speaking disfluently.
* Normal disfluency will occur when the child is learning to walk or refining motor skills.
* There are periods (days or weeks) of fluency and disfluency
* Changes in the child's environment can cause normal disfluency.
Phase II: Age 2-6
* Disfluencies tend to be repetitions and sound prolongations]
* More than two disfluencies put together (e.g., "Lllllets g-g-go there") and periods of fluency and disfluency come and go in cycles.
* The child demonstrates little awareness or concern about his/her disfluencies but may express frustration
Phase III: Age 2-6
* Disfluency most commonly occurs at the beginning of words or phrases.
* The child tends to be more disfluent when excited or upset
* Repetitions are usually part-word as opposed to whole-word
* The stuttering comes and goes in cycles, sometimes triggered by events and stressors
* The child may show awareness that speech is difficult in addition to the frustration
Phase IV: Age 6-13
* Types of disfluencies include repetitions, prolongations, and blocks.
* Stuttering becomes chronic, without periods of fluency
* Secondary behaviors appear (eye blinking, limb movements, lip movements, etc.)
* Stuttering tends to increase when excited, upset or under some type of pressure.
* Fear and avoidance of sounds, words, people, or speaking situations may develop.
* The person may feel embarrassment or shame surrounding the stuttering
Stage V: Ages 14+
* Speech is characterized by frequent and noticeable interruptions
* The person may have poor eye contact and use various tricks to disguise the stuttering
* Person anticipates stuttering, fears and avoids speaking
* The person identifies him/herself as a stutterer and experiences frustration, embarrassment and/or shame.
* The person may attempt to choose a lifestyle where speaking can often be avoided.
AF Sitemap
- Education Topics
- Achievement Gap
- Alternative Education
- Assessment & Evaluation
- Educational Leadership
- Educational Philosophy
- Educational Research
- Educational Technology
- Educational Videos
- Education Economics
- Education Environment
- Education Issues
- Education Policy
- Education Psychology
- Education Reform
- Education Theory
- Education Worldwide
- Federal Education Legislation
- Homeless Education
- Homeschooling in the United States
- Migrant Education
- Neglected/Deliquent Students
- Pedagogy
- Sociology of Education
- Special Needs
- National Directories
- After School Programs
- Alternative Schools
- The Arts
- At-Risk Students
- Camps
- Camp Services
- Colleges & Universities
- Counties
- Driving Schools
- Educational Businesses
- Financial Aid
- Higher Education
- International Programs
- Jewish Community Centers
- K-12 Schools
- Language Studies
- Libraries
- Organizations
- Preschools
- Professional Development
- Prom Services
- School Assemblies
- School Districts
- School Field Trips
- School Health
- School Supplies
- School Travel
- School Vendors
- Schools Worldwide
- Special Education
- Special Needs
- Study Abroad
- Teaching Abroad
- Volunteer Programs
- Youth Sports
- For Schools
- Academic Standards
- Assembly Programs
- Blue Ribbon Schools Program
- Educational Accreditation
- Educational Television Channels
- Education in the United States
- History of Education in the United States
- Reading Education in the U.S.
- School Grades
- School Meal Programs
- School Types
- School Uniforms
- Special Education in the United States
- Systems of Formal Education
- U.S. Education Legislation
- For Teachers
- Academic Dishonesty
- Childcare State Licensing Requirements
- Classroom Management
- Education Subjects
- Educational Videos
- Interdisciplinary Teaching
- Job and Interview Tips
- Lesson Plans | Grades
- Professional Development
- State Curriculum Standards
- Substitute Teaching
- Teacher Salary
- Teacher Training Programs
- Teaching Methods
- Training and Certification
- For Students
- Academic Competitions
- Admissions Testing
- At-Risk Students
- Career Planning
- College Admissions
- Drivers License
- Educational Programs
- Educational Television
- Educational Videos
- High School Dropouts
- Higher Education
- School Health
- Senior Proms
- Sex Education
- Standardized Testing
- Student Financial Aid
- Student Television Stations
- Summer Learning Loss